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ActiveX Controls
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ActiveX controls are components that add dynamic and interactive features to Web pages. With ActiveX tools, multimedia effects, animation, and functional applications can be added to Web sites.
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Address Bar Spoofing
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Alteration of a browser’s address bar to display a legitimate address. This is done by running a script that removes the browser’s address bar and replaces it with a fake one, which is made up of text or images.
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Aliases
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Different vendors often have their own approaches towards malware detection, which may result in different naming conventions. The aliases field in the Virus Encyclopedia, Spyware/Grayware and Vulnerabilities pages indicates other names used to refer to the same threat.
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Backdoor
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Backdoor programs are applications that open computers to access by remote systems. These programs typically respond to specially-built client programs but can be designed to respond to legitimate messaging applications. Many backdoor programs actually make use of the IRC backbone, receiving commands from common IRC chat clients via the IRC network.
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Blacklist
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A blacklist is a list of items in a set that are not accepted. This list is exclusionary, confirming that the item being analyzed is not acceptable. It is the opposite of a whitelist which confirms that items are acceptable. An email blacklist, for example, would not allow email from known malicious addresses to be received.
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Blended Threat
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Blended threats are bundles of malicious programs that combine the functionality of different types of malware, including Trojans, worms and backdoors. A blended threat often involves an infection chain whereby a visitor to a website is first diverted to a malicious URL, then compelled via social engineering to download a malicious file which then continues to download additional malicious files. By using multiple methods and techniques cybercriminals are able to quickly and surreptitiously spread threats.
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Boot Sector Virus
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Boot sector viruses infect the boot sector or the partition table of a disk. Computer systems are typically infected by these viruses when started with infected floppy disks - the boot attempt does not have to be successful for the virus to infect the computer hard drive. Once a computer is infected, boot sector viruses usually attempt to infect every disk accessed on the infected system. In general, boot sector viruses can be successfully removed.
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Bot
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A bot is a remotely controlled Trojan which infects Internet-connected PCs and is remotely controlled by an attacker typically via private IRC channels. A bot-controlled PC is often referred to as a zombie or a compromised PC because it under the control of a third party.
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Botnet
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A botnet (short for bot network) is a network of hijacked zombie computers controlled remotely by a hacker. The hacker uses the network to send spam and launch Denial of Service attacks, and may rent the network out to other cybercriminals.
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Browser Helper Object
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Browser Helper Objects (BHOs) are companion applications for Microsoft Internet Explorer. They usually come in the form of toolbars, search helpers, and monitoring applications. Some adware and spyware programs have employed BHOs to monitor user browsing habits and deliver targeted advertising as well as steal information.
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